Research Project

Continuous Ultrasonic Welding for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (C-USW)

Advancing the manufacturing and repair of aerospace structures through continuous, energy-efficient ultrasonic welding of continuous composite tapes (CFRTP).

Supported by
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, NextGenerationEU, PRTR, AEI
Project Reference: CNS2022-136070 financiada por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por la “Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

Pioneering Next-Gen Aerospace Manufacturing

The aerospace industry is rapidly shifting towards thermoplastic composites due to their recyclability, high toughness, and potential for rapid processing out-of-autoclave.

The C-USW Project focuses on developing a robust, continuous ultrasonic welding process specifically tailored for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (CFRTP). By localized frictional heating, our process fuses composite tapes dynamically, eliminating the need for heavy rivets or cure-time-heavy adhesives.

  • Elimination of mechanical fasteners and stress concentrations.
  • Significant weight reduction for commercial aerospace components.
  • True continuous joining suitable for automated robotic arms.
Process Simulation
FREQ: 20 kHz
TEMP: 380 °C
FORCE: 500 N

Why Continuous Ultrasonic Welding?

Traditional joining methods limit the potential of CFRTPs. Ultrasonic welding unlocks new levels of efficiency and structural integrity.

Energy Efficient

Energy is applied locally and instantaneously at the interface, requiring fractions of the power compared to resistance or induction welding.

Ultra-Fast Cycle Times

Continuous feed rates can reach up to meters-per-minute. Rapid heating and cooling cycles happen within milliseconds under pressure.

No Foreign Materials

Creates a pure autogenous joint. No rivets, no bolts, and no chemical adhesives that add weight or complicate the recycling process.

20kHz Vibration Frequency
<1s Consolidation Time
High Lap Shear Strength
PEEK/PEKK Compatible Matrix

Methodology

WP1. Material selection. Static/spot welding process

Based in our previous results, we will optimize the welding parameters in a spot-welding process. We will use our in-house made ultrasonic welding equipment and we will work with commercially available CFRTP tape.

  • T1.1. Material selection and spot-welding optimization
  • T1.2. Characterization

WP2. Continuous welding process. One-tape width samples

We will weld two slit tapes together by using our in house-made USW equipment.

  • T2.1. Continuous welding process
  • T2.2. Characterization

WP3. Continuous welding process to produce small laminates

We will produce small thin laminates made by welding strips of CFRTP tapes, and we will compare this procedure to a standard composite process (hot-press).

  • T3.1. Machine update and programming
  • T3.2. Laminate tape welding process
  • T3.3. Characterization

WP4. Tape-by-tape welding process on top of CFRTP laminates

Finally, we will produce complex samples by welding on top of already made laminates, in a process like overmoulding/overprinting.

  • T4.1. Proof-of-concept/demonstrator
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